Studi Literatur Cemaran Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) pada Pangan: Sumber dan Metode Analisisnya.
Keywords:
timbal, pangan, cemaran, validasi metode, studi literaturAbstract
Pendahuluan: Cemaran logam berat timbal (Pb) pada pangan merupakan isu penting karena bersifat
non-degradable, mudah terakumulasi dalam jaringan organisme hidup, dan berpotensi menimbulkan
efek kronis terhadap kesehatan. Timbal dapat masuk ke dalam pangan melalui kontaminasi lingkungan,
penggunaan bahan kimia pertanian, serta proses pengolahan dan pengemasan. Tujuan: Studi ini
bertujuan untuk memperoleh metode analisis Pb dalam pangan dengan nilai LoD dan LoQ terkecil serta
mengetahui gambaran kadar cemaran Pb dalam pangan. Metode: Metode ini merupakan studi literatur
dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Artikel diperoleh melalui penelusuran basis data ilmiah dan diseleksi
berdasarkan kriteria inklusi berupa publikasi lima tahun terakhir yang membahas cemaran Pb pada
pangan serta melaporkan parameter validasi metode analisis berupa nilai LoD dan LoQ. Dari proses
seleksi diperoleh 12 artikel yang dianalisis secara komparatif untuk menentukan metode analisis yang
memiliki sensitivitas dan selektivitas terbaik serta mengetahui gambaran kadar cemaran pada Pb.
Hasil: Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa metode ICP-MS memiliki nilai LoD-LoQ paling rendah yaitu LoD
pada rentang 6,783×10⁻⁶- 1,5922×10⁻⁵ppm dan LoQ pada rentang 2,0556×10⁻⁵- 4,8284×10⁻⁵ppm
pada produk pangan berbasis kanabinoid sedangkan kadar Pb tertinggi dilaporkan pada terong ungu
(3,50-3,96mg/kg). Kesimpulan: Metode dengan nilai LoD dan LoQ paling kecil adalah ICP-MS dan
cemaran Pb pada pangan menunjukkan bahwa terong ungu memiliki kadar Pb tertinggi. Nilai tersebut
melebihi batas yang ditetapkan menurut Peraturan BPOM RI No. 09 Tahun 2022 tentang batas
maksimum cemaran timbal (Pb) dan menurut Codex Alimentarius Tahun 2024.
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