Literatur Review: Efikasi Berbagai Modifikasi Kurkumin Dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Sel Kanker
Keywords:
antikanker, kurkumin, modifikasi kurkuminAbstract
Latar Belakang: Kurkumin merupakan senyawa polifenolik utama dari Curcuma longa yang menunjukkan aktivitas antikanker melalui berbagai mekanisme, seperti menghambat proliferasi sel, menginduksi apoptosis, serta menekan angiogenesis dan metastasis. Namun, penggunaan kurkumin secara klinis masih terbatas karena kelarutannya dalam air yang rendah, metabolisme yang cepat, dan bioavailabilitas yang buruk. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan modifikasi kurkumin yang paling efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker berdasarkan studi literatur. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif ini dilakukan dalam bentuk studi literatur, yang meliputi pengumpulan data dari berbagai referensi, membaca dan mencatat informasi yang relevan, serta mengolah bahan-bahan tulisan yang diperoleh. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi kurkumin dalam bentuk Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) merupakan formulasi yang paling efektif dalam menekan aktivitas sel kanker dibandingkan dengan modifikasi lainnya. Hal ini didasarkan pada nilai IC₅₀ terendah, yaitu berkisar antara 1,03–1,17 µM pada sel kanker paru-paru (A549) dan kanker serviks (HeLa). Kesimpulan: Nilai IC₅₀ yang lebih rendah menunjukkan potensi sitotoksik yang lebih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, secara kuantitatif, SLN memiliki aktivitas antiproliferatif yang paling kuat dibandingkan dengan liposom kurkumin, nanogel kitosan, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), dan analog kurkumin sintetis.
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