Review : Aktivitas Inhibitor Enzim Alfa-Glukosidase Dan Enzim Alfa-Amilase Ekstrak Tumbuhan Fabaceae Subfamili Mimosoideae

Hesti Riasari, Sani Nurlaela Firiansyah, Novi irwan Fauzi

Abstract


Latar belakang: Diabetes mellitus adalah sekelompok gangguan metabolik kronis yang ditandai dengan kondisi hiperglikemia karena kerusakan pada produksi insulin, kerja insulin, dan atau keduanya. Salah satu strategi penting untuk mengobati diabetes mellitus tipe II adalah penghambatan enzim alfa-glukosidase yang dapat mengontrol postprandial hiperglikemia dan penghambatan enzim alfa-amilase yang dapat mengontrol pencernaan karbohidrat. Tujuan: Review ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang potensi ekstrak famili Fabaceae subfamili Mimosoideae sebagai inhibitor alfa-glukosidase dan alfa-amilase. Metode: Review ini menggunakan pencarian secara online dari beberapa publikasi ilmiah baik nasional maupun internasional. Hasil: ekstrak Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub memiliki nilai IC50 glukosidase sebesar 0,0998 µg/mL (bagian daun) dan 0,1286 µg/mL (bagian ranting), ekstrak methanol kulit kayu Parkia speciosa memiliki nilai IC50 glukosidase sebesar 1,92 µg/mL, ekstrak methanol kulit biji Archidendron bubalinum (Jack) I.C. Nielsen memiliki nilai IC50 glukosidase sebesar 7,77 µg/mL, ekstrak methanol kulit dan batang Entada spiralis memiliki nilai IC50 glukosidase sebesar 20,63 µg/mL, ekstrak daun Albizia chevalieri memiliki nilai IC50 glukosidase sebesar 28,2 µg/mL, ekstrak methanol Mimosa pudica Linn memiliki nilai IC50 amilase sebesar 33,86 µg/mL, ekstrak methanol kulit dan batang Entada spiralis memiliki nilai IC50 amilase sebesar 98,15 µg/mL, ekstrak polong tanpa biji Parkia speciosa memiliki nilai IC50 amilase sebesar 199,29 µg/mL, dan ekstrak etanol kulit batang Albizia procera memiliki nilai persen inhibisi glukosidase sebesar 27,80%. Kesimpulan: Hasil yang digunakan dari beberapa studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa Fabaceae dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat antidiabetes. Subfamili Mimoseae merupakan subfamili yang paling berperan dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim alfa-glukosidase dan enzim alfa-amilase. Potensi ekstrak daun Albizia chevalieri, ekstrak kulit batang Albizia Procera, ekstrak kulit biji Archidendron bubalinum (Jack) I.C. Nielsen, ekstrak kulit dan batang Entada spiralis, ekstrak daun Mimosa pudica D, ekstrak polong tanpa biji Parkia speciosa, ekstrak kulit kayu Parkia speciosa, ekstrak daun dan ranting Xylia xylocarpa (Roxb.) Taub cukup kuat jika dibandingkan terhadap kontrol positif serta dilihat dari IC50 dan persen inhibisinya.

 


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