Network Pharmacology Dan Profil Fitokimia Metabolit Dominan Clitoria ternatea L. Sebagai Kandidat Obat Antidiabetik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36465/jkbth.v26i2.1950Keywords:
Clitoria ternatea L, type 2 diabetes mellitus, genistein, ADMET, network pharmacologyAbstract
Clitoria ternatea L. merupakan tanaman obat yang diketahui mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder dengan aktivitas biologis potensial, namun informasi mengenai kandidat metabolit yang paling prospektif sebagai antidiabetik masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi metabolit dominan bunga telang dan mengevaluasi potensinya sebagai kandidat obat antidiabetik melalui pendekatan komputasi yang mengintegrasikan analisis profil fitokimia, prediksi sifat farmakokinetik dan toksisitas, serta network pharmacology. Penelitian dilakukan secara in silico menggunakan data metabolit yang diperoleh dari literatur ilmiah dan basis data kimia publik. Evaluasi drug-likeness dan ADMET dilakukan menggunakan SwissADME, pkCSM, dan ProTox-3.0, sedangkan prediksi target protein, analisis interaksi protein, dan pemetaan jalur biologis dilakukan menggunakan SwissTargetPrediction, STRING, dan Cytoscape. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi Ternatin C5, clitorin, manghaslin, astragalin, dan genistein sebagai metabolit dominan bunga telang. Di antara metabolit tersebut, genistein menunjukkan karakteristik farmakokinetik paling baik, ditandai dengan tidak adanya pelanggaran terhadap Lipinski's Rule of Five, prediksi absorpsi gastrointestinal yang tinggi, serta toksisitas akut yang rendah. Analisis network pharmacology mengungkapkan bahwa target utama metabolit meliputi AKT1, PPARG, TNF, IL6, DPP4, dan HSD11B1 yang berperan dalam jalur PI3K-Akt, insulin signaling, AMPK signaling, dan PPAR signaling. Integrasi seluruh hasil menunjukkan bahwa genistein memiliki potensi terbesar sebagai kandidat antidiabetik multitarget karena mengombinasikan profil farmakokinetik yang baik dengan kemampuan memodulasi protein-protein kunci yang terlibat dalam patogenesis diabetes melitus tipe 2. Temuan ini memberikan dasar ilmiah bagi pengembangan lebih lanjut genistein sebagai lead compound antidiabetik berbasis bahan alam.
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