LITERATURE REVIEW: SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DAN EFEK FARMAKOLOGIS SECARA MOLEKULER DARI PROPOLIS

Munir Alinu Mulki, Reza Pratama

Abstract


ABSTRACT
Propolis is a by-product, namely a resinous substance produced by honey bees that comes from various plant sources. Propolis has been widely used since ancient times as an alternative complementary medicine for various acute and chronic diseases. Over time, many studies related to propolis have been carried out to analyze the effect of propolis. This literature review aims to describe the various bioactive compounds contained in propolis and how their pharmacological effects molecularly. This literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, with the keywords “bioactive molecules”, “molecular mechanisms” and “propolis”. By using the exclusion criteria, that is, articles not using English, not published in the last ten years (2013-2023), literature review, and clinical studies, 171 articles were obtained. Re-screening resulted in 28 articles that discussed the bioactive compounds and the molecular mechanisms of propolis. The results of the literature review show that the main bioactive compounds in propolis are polyphenols, namely flavonoid compounds, including chrysin, galangin, pinocembrin, and non-flavonoid phenolic acids compounds including caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid. The bioactive compounds contained in propolis have anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial activities, with various molecular mechanisms.

ABSTRAK
Propolis merupakan suatu produk sampingan yaitu zat resin yang dihasilkan oleh lebah madu yang berasal dari berbagai sumber tanaman. Sejak zaman dahulu, propolis sudah banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan tradisional sebagai obat pelengkap alternatif untuk berbagai penyakit akut maupun kronis. Seiring berkembangnya zaman, telah banyak dilakukan penelitian yang menguji efek dari propolis. Kajian pustaka ini bertujuan untuk dapat menggambarkan berbagai senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam propolis dan bagaimana efek farmakologisnya secara molekuler. Penelusuran pustaka dilakukan menggunakan pangkalan data PubMed, dengan kata kunci “bioactive molecules”, “molecular mechanisms”, dan “propolis”. Dengan menggunakan kriteria eksklusi, yaitu artikel tidak menggunakan Bahasa Inggris, tidak diterbitkan pada rentang sepuluh tahun terakhir (2013-2023), kajian pustaka, dan studi klinik, didapatkan 171 artikel. Penyaringan ulang dilakukan dan didapatkan 28 artikel yang membahas mengenai senyawa aktif beserta mekanisme molekuler dari propolis. Hasil kajian pustaka menunjukkan bahwa kandungan senyawa bioaktif utama dalam propolis adalah polifenol, yaitu senyawa flavonoid, diantaranya krisin, galangin, pinosembrin, dan senyawa asam fenolik non-flavonoid yaitu asam kafeat, asam p-kumarat, dan asam ferulat. Senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam propolis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, antikanker, dan antimikroba, dengan berbagai mekanisme molekuler.


Keywords


propolis, flavonoids, phenolic acids, anti-oxidants, anti-cancer, anti-microbial

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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36465/jop.v5i3.1094

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