Potensi Ekstrak Tanaman Sebagai Antibakteri Streptococcus Pneumoniae Penyebab Pneumonia Secara In Vitro: Systematic Literature Review
Potential Of Plant Extracts As Anti-Streptococcus Pneumoniae, The Cause Of Pneumonia, In Vitro: Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36465/jkbth.v26i1.1922Keywords:
antibakteri, ekstrak, in vitro, Streptococcus pneumoni, tanamanAbstract
Pneumonia merupakan penyakit infeksi paru yang banyak disebabkan oleh Streptococcus pneumoniae dan semakin sulit ditangani akibat meningkatnya resistensi antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah potensi ekstrak tanaman sebagai antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus pneumoniae secara in vitro melalui metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Pencarian literatur pada basis data Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Garuda dalam lima tahun terakhir menghasilkan 11 artikel yang dianalisis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tanaman memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan diameter zona hambat berkisar antara ±4–44 mm, dari kategori lemah hingga sangat kuat. Ekstrak rimpang Zingiber zerumbet menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri paling kuat dengan diameter zona hambat tertinggi, diikuti oleh ekstrak rimpang Alpinia conchigera. Aktivitas antibakteri meningkat seiring kenaikan konsentrasi ekstrak dan berkaitan dengan kandungan senyawa fitokimia seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, terpenoid, dan minyak atsiri. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak tanaman, khususnya rimpang Zingiber zerumbet dan Alpinia conchigera, berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antibakteri alami dan terapi komplementer pada pneumonia akibat Streptococcus pneumoniae, meskipun masih diperlukan penelitian lanjutan secara in vivo dan uji klinis.
Kata Kunci : Antibakteri, ekstrak, in vitro, Streptococcus pneumoni, tanaman
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