FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MAREME (Glochidion arborescens Blume) DENGAN METODE DPPH

FORMULATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF LIQUID SOAP ETHANOL EXTRACT OF MAREME LEAVES (Glochidion arborescens Blume) USING DPPH METHOD

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Free radicals are reactive oxygen species capable of damaging skin tissue and accelerating cellular aging. Antioxidants play a critical role in neutralizing free radical activity. Mareme leaves (Glochidion arborescens Blume), a member of the Euphorbiaceae family, have been reported to possess very strong antioxidant activity and have traditionally been consumed as a fresh vegetable in Indonesia. This study aimed to: (1) formulate liquid soap using mareme leaf ethanol extract and evaluate the physico-chemical properties of the preparation; (2) determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content of the extract; and (3) assess the effect of liquid soap formulation on the antioxidant activity of mareme leaf ethanol extract using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method. The ethanol extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol. Total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Denis method with gallic acid standard, while total flavonoid content was measured by the AlCl₃ colorimetric method with quercetin standard. Liquid soap was prepared by saponification of olive oil with NaOH. Physicochemical evaluation included organoleptic observation, viscosity, pH, foam stability, free fatty acid content, and unsaponifiable matter. The ethanol extract of mareme leaves yielded a 28.036% extract with IC₅₀ value of 5.36 ppm, classified as very strong antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content was 72.29 mg GAE/g extract and total flavonoid content was 6.12 mg QE/g extract. Following incorporation into liquid soap, IC₅₀ increased to 10.49 ppm, which remains within the very strong antioxidant category. All evaluated physicochemical parameters of the liquid soap preparation met the SNI 06-4085-1996 requirements

ABSTRAK

Radikal bebas merupakan senyawa reaktif yang berpotensi merusak jaringan kulit dan memicu penuaan sel secara dipercepat. Antioksidan berperan penting dalam menetralisir aktivitas radikal bebas tersebut. Daun mareme (Glochidion arborescens Blume), anggota famili Euphorbiaceae yang secara tradisional dikonsumsi sebagai lalap di Indonesia, dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) memformulasikan sediaan sabun cair menggunakan ekstrak etanol daun mareme dan mengevaluasi karakteristik fisikokimianya; (2) menetapkan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total ekstrak; serta (3) menilai pengaruh proses formulasi sabun cair terhadap aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun mareme menggunakan metode penangkapan radikal bebas DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Ekstrak diperoleh melalui maserasi dengan etanol 70%. Kadar fenolik total ditetapkan dengan metode Folin-Denis menggunakan standar asam galat, sedangkan kadar flavonoid total diukur dengan metode kolorimetri AlCl₃ menggunakan standar kuersetin. Sabun cair dibuat melalui proses saponifikasi minyak zaitun dengan NaOH. Evaluasi fisikokimia meliputi organoleptis, viskositas, pH, stabilitas busa, kadar asam lemak bebas, dan lemak tidak tersabunkan. Ekstrak etanol daun mareme menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 28,036% dengan nilai IC₅₀ 5,36 ppm yang dikategorikan sangat kuat. Kadar fenolik total yang diperoleh sebesar 72,29 mg GAE/g ekstrak dan flavonoid total sebesar 6,12 mg QE/g ekstrak. Setelah diformulasikan ke dalam sabun cair, IC₅₀ meningkat menjadi 10,49 ppm namun tetap dalam kategori antioksidan sangat kuat. Seluruh parameter evaluasi fisikokimia sabun cair yang diuji memenuhi persyaratan SNI 06-4085-1996.