FORMULASI SEDIAAN PASTA GIGI GEL EKSTRAK BIJI BUAH PINING BAWANG (Hornstedtia alliacea) DAN TELAAH AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI

Abstract

Dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans remains one of the most prevalent oral health problems globally. Pining bawang (Hornstedtia alliacea), a tropical plant from the Zingiberaceae family, has been reported to contain flavonoid compounds with antibacterial properties. This study aimed to formulate gel toothpaste preparations incorporating the ethyl acetate extract of H. alliacea seeds and to evaluate the physicochemical properties of the resulting formulations. Seeds were collected from Tasikmalaya Regency and extracted by sequential (multilevel) maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol. Three gel toothpaste formulas (A, B, C) were prepared with varying concentrations of Na-CMC as gelling agent (4%, 5%, 6%) and sorbitol as humectant (40%, 20%, 10%), each containing 2.5% ethyl acetate extract. Evaluation parameters included organoleptic characteristics, homogeneity, spreading power, foam height, pH, and hedonic (preference) testing. A literature-based review of antibacterial activity of plant-derived toothpastes was also conducted due to constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Simplicia standardization results met all Farmakope Herbal Indonesia (FHI) requirements. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids. The ethyl acetate extract showed the best antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ 23.43 ppm) and was selected as the active ingredient. All three formulas exhibited satisfactory organoleptic properties, homogeneity, foam height, and pH (7.1, 7.0, 6.9), all within the SNI 12-3524-1995 standard (4.5–10.5). Formula A showed a spreading diameter of 8.4 cm, exceeding the acceptable limit, while Formulas B (6.4 cm) and C (5.4 cm) met the requirement (5–7 cm). Hedonic testing involving 35 respondents indicated that Formula B was most preferred. Literature evidence confirms that flavonoid-rich plant extracts formulated into toothpastes can effectively inhibit S. mutans growth.

ABSTRAK

Karies gigi yang disebabkan oleh Streptococcus mutans masih menjadi masalah kesehatan mulut yang paling banyak ditemukan. Tanaman pining bawang (Hornstedtia alliacea), anggota famili Zingiberaceae yang tumbuh di daerah tropis, dilaporkan mengandung senyawa flavonoid berkhasiat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sediaan pasta gigi gel dari ekstrak etil asetat biji H. alliacea dan mengevaluasi karakteristik fisikokimianya. Biji tanaman diperoleh dari Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dan diekstraksi secara maserasi bertingkat menggunakan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol 70%. Tiga formula pasta gigi gel (A, B, C) dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi Na-CMC sebagai gelling agent (4%, 5%, 6%) dan sorbitol sebagai humektan (40%, 20%, 10%), masing-masing mengandung ekstrak 2,5%. Parameter evaluasi meliputi organoleptik, homogenitas, daya sebar, tinggi busa, pH, dan uji hedonik. Telaah aktivitas antibakteri sediaan pasta gigi dari berbagai tanaman dilakukan secara studi literatur. Hasil standarisasi simplisia memenuhi seluruh persyaratan Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Skrining fitokimia mengonfirmasi adanya flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin, dan triterpenoid. Ekstrak etil asetat dipilih karena memiliki aktivitas antioksidan terbaik (IC₅₀ 23,43 ppm). Ketiga formula menunjukkan organoleptik, homogenitas, tinggi busa, dan pH yang baik (7,1; 7,0; dan 6,9), sesuai SNI 12-3524-1995 (4,5–10,5). Formula A menghasilkan daya sebar 8,4 cm (melampaui batas maksimal), sementara Formula B (6,4 cm) dan C (5,4 cm) memenuhi persyaratan (5–7 cm). Uji hedonik terhadap 35 responden menunjukkan Formula B paling disukai. Studi literatur membuktikan bahwa ekstrak tanaman kaya flavonoid yang diformulasikan ke dalam pasta gigi mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S. mutans secara efektif.